PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille struck twice late to take a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the final moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.